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Copy of COMM 101 (Richardella)

Tools to Use

Why Cite?

There are 2 major reasons you cite your sources:

1. To avoid plagiarism or accepting credit for others' ideas

2. To let your reader know you use credible sources so your ideas are more credible!

Citing Sources in Your Speech

1.  References list: create a list of sources you used in your outline

2.  In-Speech Citations: cite in your speech when you summarize, paraphrase, or directly quote an author's idea. Provide enough information in your speech so that your audience can easily access the source you are referencing.  For more examples, see this Guide to Oral Footnoting from the University of Washington.

  • To cite a book, include the title and author. "According to Michael Bernard, author of "Rationality and the Pursuit of Happiness... "
  • To cite a website, include name of the website. "The U.S. State department website includes information... "
  • To cite a newspaper, include the title and date. "The New York Times explained on June 2014 that..."
  • To cite a magazine/journal article, include the source title, date and author. "Maggie Smith explains in the October issue of the Smithsonian..."

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